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Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse
Jean François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (; variant spelling of his name comte "de La Pérouse"; 23 August 1741 – 1788?) was a French Naval officer and explorer whose expedition vanished in Oceania.〔Novaresio, Paolo (1996). ''The Explorers''. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, NY ISBN 1-55670-495-X. p. 180. "Lapérouse was born in 1741."〕
==Early career==
Jean-François de Galaup was born near Albi, France.〔Novaresio, 1996, p. 180. "Lapérouse was born at Albi."〕 ''Lapérouse'' was the name of a family property that he added to his name.〔John Dunmore. "French Explorers of the Pacific". Volume One: Eighteenth Century. Oxford Press: 1965, p255.〕 He studied in a Jesuit college and entered the naval college in Brest when he was fifteen. In 1757 he was posted to the ''Célèbre'' and participated in a supply expedition to the fort of Louisbourg in New France. Lapérouse also took part in a second supply expedition in 1758 to Louisbourg, but as this was in the early years of the Seven Years' War, the fort was under siege and the expedition was forced to make a circuitous route around Newfoundland to avoid British patrols.
In 1759 Lapérouse was wounded in the Battle of Quiberon Bay, where he was serving aboard the ''Formidable''. He was captured and briefly imprisoned before being paroled back to France; he was formally exchanged in December 1760.〔Dunmore, John. ''Where fate beckons: the life of Jean-François de la Pérouse''. pp. 26-32〕 He participated in a 1762 attempt by the French to gain control of Newfoundland, escaping with the fleet when the British arrived in force to drive them out.
Following the Franco-American alliance, Lapérouse fought against the Royal Navy off the American coast, and victoriously led the frigate ''Astree'' in the Naval battle of Louisbourg, 21 July 1781. He was promoted to the rank of commodore when he defeated the English frigate ''Ariel'' in the West Indies. He then escorted a convoy to the West Indies in December 1781, participated in the attack on St. Kitts in February 1782 and then fought in the defeat at the Battle of the Saintes against the squadron of Admiral Rodney. In August 1782 he made his name by capturing two English forts (Prince of Wales Fort and York Fort) on the coast of Hudson Bay, but allowed the survivors, including Governor Samuel Hearne of Prince of Wales Fort, to sail off to England in exchange for a promise to release French prisoners held in England. The next year his family finally consented to his marriage to Louise-Eléonore Broudou, a young creole of modest origins whom he had met on Ile de France (present-day Mauritius)〔Novaresio, 1996. p. 181 "married a young Creole girl ... met ... at Mauritius"〕 eight years earlier.
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